农药行业废盐产生和利用处置现状及对策建议

废盐是农药行业产生量最大的危险废物,是农药行业健康发展的主要瓶颈。废盐产生现状主要是种类多且产生量大、产生工艺多样且污染物种类繁杂、对生态环境和人体的潜在危害大。消除废盐中污染物的预处理技术为热解碳化、高温熔融和有机物氧化技术。基于产生和预处理现状,废盐利用的处置方式包括氯碱、纯碱、融雪剂和水泥助磨剂的生产,以及暂存于仓库和填埋。针对利用处置存在的问题,建议从4个方面提高废盐利用率和加强安全处置:1)分类收集废盐,避免产生混盐,降低预处理难度;2)制定污染控制标准或技术规范,防控废盐利用过程的环境风险;3)建立“点对点”定向利用模式和园区集中利用模式,提高废盐利用率;4)开展废盐排海的环境风险评估,促进盐回归自然。

PRESENT SITUATION AND COUNTERMEASURES OF WASTE SALT PRODUCTION,UTILIZATION AND DISPOSAL IN PESTICIDE INDUSTRY

Waste salt is the key hazardous waste in the pesticide industry, which is also the main bottleneck of the healthy development of the pesticide industry. The production status of pesticide waste salt was introduced, including the various kinds and large production volume, various production processes and types of pollutants, and great potential harm to the ecological environment and human body. At present, the pretreatment technologies to eliminate pollutants were pyrolysis carbonization, high temperature melting and organic matter oxidation. Based on the current situation of production and pretreatment, the utilization and disposal of waste salt including the production of chlor-alkali, soda ash, snow melting agent and cement grinding aid, as well as temporary storage in storehouse and landfill. In view of the problems existing in the utilization and disposal of waste salt, some suggestions on improving the utilization rate of waste salt and strengthen the safe disposal were put forward, which mainly included four aspects: 1) collect the waste salt after classification to avoid salt mixing and reduce the difficulty of pretreatment; 2) establish pollution control standards or technical specifications to prevent and control environmental risks in the process of waste salt utilization; 3) establish "point-to-point" directional utilization mode and centralized utilization mode in the industrial park, to improve the utilization rate of waste salt; 4) carry out environmental risk assessment of waste salt discharged into the sea to promote the return of salt to nature.