堆肥在土壤修复与质量提升的应用现状与展望

堆肥作为一种经济有效、环境友好的技术手段，通过生物强化将垃圾有机质转变为富含多种功能基团的大分子胡敏酸类的产品，可修复和改善土壤质量，将垃圾中的有效资源最大程度循环固定回土壤中，有效解决我国耕地超负荷种植、有机质持续下降等突出矛盾。对目前国内外利用堆肥在土壤修复与质量提升方面的研究进行了综述，对常见土壤污染类型如重金属污染、盐污染和有机氯农药污染的修复以及土壤碳库质量的提升和全球碳循环进行了详细讨论，并展望堆肥应用的未来，以期对今后有机垃圾处理—胡敏酸类物质工程应用—土壤修复与质量提升全链条深入研究，土壤修复与质量提升技术的理论依据和促进实际应用的发展提供参考。

APPLICATION STATUS AND PROSPECT OF COMPOST IN SOIL REMEDIATION AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

As an environmentally friendly technology, composting can transform waste organic matter into macromolecular humic-like substance which has variety of functional groups by biotransformation. And these products are beneficial to soil remediation and soil quality improvement, and complete return of organic matter from soil to soil, and can effectively solve the main contradictions, such as overloading of cultivated land and soil contamination in China. In this paper, the recent study in the soil remediation and quality improvement of compost were reviewed. The remediation of common contaminated soils (such as heavy metal contaminated soil, saline soil, organochlorine pesticide contamination soil), the quality improvement of soil carbon pool, and the global carbon cycle were discussed in detail. The future for development of compost was prospected, and expected to provide an effective reference for future research on the whole chain of organic waste treatment-engineering application of humic-like acids substance-soil remediation and quality improvement, and to help improve the theoretical basis and practical applications of soil remediation and quality improvement.