土壤根际微区放射性核素迁移影响因素研究进展

大部分放射性核素具有放射性强、半衰期长、毒性大等特点,进入土壤后受环境变化影响易发生迁移和形态转化等一系列反应,并且可通过食物链的迁移和积累最终危害人体健康。植物根际是放射性核素由土壤向植物体迁移的必经之路,土壤胶体是根际微区的主要组成物质也是吸附放射性核素的重要载体;根系分泌物是根际微区区别于土壤的重要物质;pH是影响放射性核素赋存形态、迁移重要的理化条件;根系微生物是根际微区中重要的调控者。总结了近5年影响放射性核素在根际微区迁移影响因素的研究进展,从土壤胶体、根系分泌物、pH、根系微生物4个方面综合阐述放射性核素在根际微区迁移和形态转化的影响因素,并提出展望。

A REVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE FACTORS OF RADIONUCLIDES MIGRATION IN SOIL RHIZOSPHERE MICROREGIONS

Most radionuclides have characteristics of strong radioactivity, long half-life, and high toxicity. After entering the soil, they are prone to a series of reactions such as migration and morphological transformation under the influence of environmental changes. The nuclides entering the soil could be passively absorbed by plants and ultimately harmed through the food chain to human health. Plant rhizosphere is the only way for radionuclides to migrate from soil to plant. Soil colloids are the main constituents of rhizosphere microregions and important carriers for the adsorption of radionuclides. The root exudate is the most important difference between the rhizosphere and the soil. And pH is an important physical and chemical condition for the occurrence and migration of radionuclides. Root microorganisms are regulators in the rhizosphere microregions. This article summarized the research progress of radionuclides migration in rhizosphere microregions in recent five years, from soil colloids, root exudates, pH, root microorganisms, comprehensively expounded the environmental impact of nuclide migration in the rhizosphere microregions, and put forward the prospects for the related researches in the future.