Brazilian biofuels and social exclusion: established and concentrated ethanol versus emerging and dispersed biodiesel |
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| Authors: | Jeremy Hall Stelvia Matos Liv Severino Napoleão Beltrão |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6;2. Centre for Policy Research on Science & Technology (CPROST), Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3;3. EMBRAPA – Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, R. Oswaldo Cruz 1143, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil;1. University of Sao Paulo (USP), Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Avenida Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, 13416-480, SP, Brazil;2. Instituto de Estudos do Comércio e Negociações Internacionais (ICONE), Avenida General Furtado Nascimento, 740 conjunto 81, São Paulo 05465-070, SP, Brazil;3. University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campus Universitario Zeferino Vaz SN—Cidade Universitaria, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;4. University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;1. Energy Planning Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Sala C-211, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil;2. Environmental Sciences Laboratory (LIMA), Graduate School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Sala I-208, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21949-900, Brazil;1. State University of West Paraná, Paraná, Brazil. M.S. in Agricultural Energy, Department of Agricultural Energy, Rua Universitária, 2069, CEP 85.819–130, Bairro Faculdade, Cascavel, PR, Brazil;2. Federal University of Paraná (UFPR – Palotina), Rua Pioneiro, 2153, CEP 85.950-000, Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, Brazil;1. College of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China;2. Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China |
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| Abstract: | Increasing interest in biofuels trade between developed and developing countries has spurred worldwide discussions on issues such as subsidies and the ‘food for fuel’ crisis. One issue missing in recent discourse is the pressure exerted on developing countries to adopt large-scale mechanized farming practices to increase economic efficiencies. Such approaches often exclude small-scale farmers from participating in the emerging biofuels market, thus exacerbating poverty and social exclusion. Drawing on both qualitative and technical data, we discuss such pressures using Brazilian ethanol and biodiesel production. Pressure from international markets to become more economically efficient may contribute towards the erosion of recent schemes to encourage social benefits for small farmers in biodiesel production. We conclude with trade and policy implications. |
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