Seasonal monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions from Pinus taeda and Pinus virginiana |
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| Authors: | Chris D Geron Robert R Arnts |
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| Institution: | 1. US Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;1. Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea;2. Department of Dental Hygiene, Ulsan College, 101 Bongsu-ro, Dong-gu, 44022, Ulsan, South Korea;1. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia;2. Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia;1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan;2. Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan;3. Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan;4. Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1-Honjo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan;1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;2. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;3. Oregon Graduate Institute, Portland, OR, USA;4. Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;5. Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;6. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA;1. National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), Porano (TR), Italy;2. Global Change Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura (CRA), Research Center for the Soil-Plant System, Rome, Italy;4. Sapienza University, Department of Plant Biology, Rome, Italy;5. Dept. of Science and Technology for the Environment, University of Molise, Italy;6. National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Plant Protection, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Seasonal volatile organic compound emission data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) were collected using branch enclosure techniques in Central North Carolina, USA. P. taeda monoterpene emission rates were at least ten times higher than oxygenated monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions in all seasons. α-pinene and β-pinene were the most abundant emissions, while β-caryophyllene had the highest sesquiterpene emission rate from this species. β-phellandrene was the dominant compound emitted from P. virginiana, followed by the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene. Sesquiterpene emissions from P. virginiana have not been reported in the literature previously. Summer sesquiterpene emissions from P. virginiana were nearly as high as monoterpene emissions, but were 4–12 times lower than monoterpene emissions in the other seasons. Oxygenated monoterpenes and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol were emitted at higher rates from P. taeda than from P. virginiana. Temperature response of the pinenes from P. taeda is similar to previously reported values used in emission models, while that for other compounds falls at the lower end of the previously reported range. Temperature response of all compounds from P. virginiana is in reasonable agreement with previously reported values from other pine species. There is evidence of light dependence of sesquiterpene emission after accounting for temperature response from both species. This effect is somewhat stronger in P. taeda. Bud break, needle expansion, and needle fall (and therefore wind events) seemed to increase monoterpene emission during non-summer seasons. In some instances springtime monoterpene emissions were higher than summertime emissions despite cooler temperatures. Emissions of individual compounds within monoterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, and sesquiterpene classes were highly correlated with each other. Compounds from different classes were much less correlated within each species. This is due to a varying temporal emission patterns for each BVOC class and suggests different production, storage, and emission controls for each. Analysis of enclosure blanks and diurnal patterns indicates that, despite precautions, disturbance due to the enclosure technique may still impact monoterpene emission rate estimates. This did not appear to affect sesquiterpene emissions. |
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