Comparison of summer and winter California central valley aerosol distributions from lidar and MODIS measurements |
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| Authors: | Jasper Lewis Russell De Young Richard Ferrare D Allen Chu |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;2. Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA;3. Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;1. South Coast Air Quality Management District, Planning, Area Source and Rule Development, 21865 Copley Dr, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, USA;2. Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;3. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;1. Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore Country, Baltimore County, MD, USA;2. Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;3. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;4. Environmental Protection Administration, Taiwan, ROC;5. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Zhong-Li, Taiwan, ROC;1. Keck School of Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;2. Sonoma Technology Inc., #C, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA;3. Keck School of Medicine, Biostatistics Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;4. Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York;2. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;3. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia;1. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 800 Buchanan St., WAB, Albany, CA 94706, USA;2. Environmental Systems Graduate Group, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA;3. School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA;4. USDA Forest Service, 1839 S. Newcomb, Porterville, CA 93257, USA;5. NOAA/NESDIS, Satellite Analysis Branch, 5830 University Research Ct Suite 4035, College Park, MD 20740, USA;6. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Truckee Ranger District, 10811 Stockrest Springs Road, Truckee, CA 96161, USA |
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| Abstract: | Aerosol distributions from two aircraft lidar campaigns conducted in the California Central Valley are compared in order to identify seasonal variations. Aircraft lidar flights were conducted in June 2003 and February 2007. While the ground PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) concentration was highest in the winter, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured from the MODIS and lidar instruments was highest in the summer. A multiyear seasonal comparison shows that PM2.5 in the winter can exceed summer PM2.5 by 68%, while summer AOD from MODIS exceeds winter AOD by 29%. Warmer temperatures and wildfires in the summer produce elevated aerosol layers that are detected by satellite measurements, but not necessarily by surface particulate matter monitors. Temperature inversions, especially during the winter, contribute to higher PM2.5 measurements at the surface. Measurements of the mixing layer height from lidar instruments provide valuable information needed to understand the correlation between satellite measurements of AOD and in situ measurements of PM2.5. Lidar measurements also reflect the ammonium nitrate chemistry observed in the San Joaquin Valley, which may explain the discrepancy between the MODIS AOD and PM2.5 measurements. |
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