Seasonal variations of monosaccharide anhydrides in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol in urban areas |
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| Authors: | K K??mal P Miku?ka M Vojtě?ek Z Ve?e?a |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Veve?í 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 500-757, Korea;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorim-Ri, Cheonggye-Myeon, Muan-Gun, Jeollanam-do 534-729, Korea;3. Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA;4. Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI, USA;1. Mathematics and Physics Department, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;2. Chemistry Department, Università di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;3. SCOLAb, Fisica Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;4. Physics Department, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA;3. Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden;1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China;2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;4. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA;5. Air Quality Research Division, Science Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada;6. RCE-TEA, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;7. Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;8. Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an, China;1. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics & Statistics, University Ca'' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venice Mestre, Italy;3. Department of Physics & INFN, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy;4. Agenzia Provinciale Protezione Ambiente, Via Lidorno 1, 38123 Trento, Italy;5. ARPA Lombardia, Via I. Rosellini 17, 20124 Milan, Italy;6. Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;7. National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research Rome, Via Salaria Km 29, 300, Monterotondo St., 00015, Rome, Italy;8. National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;9. National Research Council (CNR) Water Institute Research – CNR, Viale de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy;10. Fondazione E. Mach, Technology Transfer Center, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele All''Adige (TN), Italy;11. ARPA Piemonte, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;12. Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice-Mestre, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan) in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were measured in Brno and ?lapanice in the Czech Republic in winter and summer 2009. 56 aerosol samples were collected together at both sites to investigate the different sources that contribute to aerosol composition in studied localities. Daily PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol samples were collected on pre-fired quartz fibre filters.The sum of average atmospheric concentration of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in PM1 aerosol in ?lapanice and Brno during winter was 513 and 273 ng m?3, while in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) was 42 and 38 ng m?3, respectively. The sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 71 and 63% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol collected in winter in ?lapanice and Brno, whereas in summer the sum of average atmospheric concentration of MAs in PM1 aerosol formed 45 and 43% of the sum of MA concentration in PM2.5 aerosol in ?lapanice and Brno, respectively.In winter, the sum of MAs contributed significantly to PM1 mass ranging between 1.37% and 2.67% of PM1 mass (Brno – ?lapanice), while in summer the contribution of the sum of MAs was smaller (0.28–0.32%). Contribution of the sum of MAs to PM2.5 mass is similar both in winter (1.37–2.71%) and summer (0.44–0.55%).The higher concentrations of monosaccharide anhydrides in aerosols in ?lapanice indicate higher biomass combustion in this location than in Brno during winter season. The comparison of levoglucosan concentration in PM1 and PM2.5 aerosol shows prevailing presence of levoglucosan in PM1 aerosol both in winter (72% on average) and summer (60% on average).The aerosol samples collected in ?lapanice and Brno in winter and summer show comparable contributions of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to the total amount of monosaccharide anhydrides in both aerosol size fractions. Levoglucosan was the most abundant monosaccharide anhydride with a relative average contribution to the total amount of MAs in the range of 71–82% for PM1 aerosols and 52–79% for PM2.5 aerosols. |
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