能源环境约束下中国区域工业效率分析

目前,我国工业化进程进入中后期阶段,资源短缺、环境污染成为制约工业发展的主要瓶颈。由此,国家把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置,在考察工业经济增长时,能源环境因素就不容忽视。为此,本文采用数据包络分析方法,引入方向性距离函数和Malmquist-Luenberger指数法对能源和环境因素约束下的我国2001-2009年区域工业效率和绿色全要素生产率进行了考察,对区域之间考虑环境因素的全要素生产率和不考虑环境因素的全要素生产率进行了比较。研究结果表明,我国工业全要素生产率逐年提高,其中技术进步的作用显著高于效率提高;非期望产出的引入在一定程度上降低了我国工业的投入产出效率,不考虑能源环境约束过高的估计了我国工业经济的增长;在年份变化上,循环经济和新能源发展卓有成效,考虑能源环境约束下的区域工业全要素生产率逐年提高;在区域比较上,东部地区工业不仅在技术和投入产出效率方面领先于中部和西部地区,在污染治理方面也领先于中西部。

Regional Industrial Efficiency Analysis under Energy and Environment Constraint

Currently,the industrialization is developing into mid-late stage in China.The major obstacles which constrain the development of Chinese industry are the lack of resources and environmental pollution.To break the bottleneck,it is the first priority to build a resource-saving and environmental-friendly society in our industrialization and modernization strategy,which means factors such as energy and environment can not be neglected when we are analyzing the growth of industrial economy.To testify our theory,we introduce the directional distance function and Malmquist-Luenberger index into the data envelop analysis(DEA) method.By using the adjusted DEA method,we analyzed the regional industrial efficiency and the green total-factor productivity under energy and environmental constrains from 2001 to 2009 in China.We compared the regional total-factor productivities by taking environmental constrain into consideration and not taking environmental constrain into consideration.Our research results indicates:(1) The industrial total factor productivity is growing annually in China,and the effect caused by technology development is more obvious than that caused by productivity improvement.(2) The introduction of undesirable outcomes reduce the input-output efficiency of Chinese industry,which means we overestimate the growth of our industrial economy if we do not take environmental constrains into consideration.(3) The development of recycling economy and new energy is prosperous now in China,and the total-factor productivities of regional industry are increasing annually.(4) Compared with the central region and western region of China,the industries in the east China are more advanced in technology and input-output efficiency,and also advanced in the field pollution control.