某炼油厂退役场地土壤与浅层地下水酚类污染特征研究

通过对某炼油厂退役场地21个土壤监测点和8个地下水监测点的样品分析,研究了该场地酚类化合物的污染分布.结果表明：该场地上层滞水酚污染严重,挥发酚含量远超过地下水质标准的要求.场地承压水水质良好,有轻微的酚污染.该场地近1/2面积的土地,酚类化合物污染严重;依据原厂区工艺布局图,场区浅层地下水和土壤的酚污染具有区域相似性,酚含量高的区域集中在原工厂生产车间以及储油罐和产品仓库;土壤中污染物水平扩散不强,垂直扩散深度不一,部分超过地表10 m以下的深度.通过GC/MS对典型土壤中2-氯苯酚、2-硝基苯酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、2,4-二硝基酚以及4,6-二硝基-2-甲酚7种酚类化合物进行定性与定量分析,结果表明7种酚类化合物含量范围为0.01～232.96 mg.kg-1,其中2,4-二硝基酚和4,6-二硝基-2-甲酚含量比较高.

Phenols Pollutants in Soil and Shallow Groundwater of a Retired Refinery Site

To study the distribution of phenol compounds in a retired refinery site, 21 soil sampling sites and 8 shallow groundwater wells were investigated. The results showed, shallow unconfined groundwater of the site was in a serious pollution situation and the phenols concentration was much higher than quality standard for ground water. Confined water sample was slightly contaminated by phenols and the total quality was good. Approximately half of the area was heavily polluted by phenol compounds. According to the retired refinery layout, the phenols pollution distribution in shallow groundwater and soil exhibited the regional similarity. The highly contaminated area was production workshop, oil tank and plant storage. Horizontal diffusion of pollutants was not serious. Vertical diffusion of pollutants was different, and a site with pollutant diffusion was deeper than ten meters. The 2-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol in typical soils were analyzed by GC/MS. It showed that concentrations of seven phenol compounds were 0.01-232.96 mg·kg^-1, and the concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol were high.