The Residence Time of Settling Particles in the Surface Mixed Layer |
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Authors: | Eric Deleersnijder Jean-Marie Beckers Eric J M Delhez |
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Institution: | 1. G. Lema?tre Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (ASTR) and Centre for Systems Engineering and Applied Mechanics (CESAME), Université catholique de Louvain, 4 Avenue G. Lema?tre, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 2. Océanographie Physique, Département d’astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO), Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B5, 17 Allée du 6 Ao?t, 4000, Liège, Belgium 3. Mathématiques Générales, Département d’aérospatiale, mécanique et matériaux (ASMA), Université de Liège, Sart Tilman B37, 12 Grande Traverse, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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Abstract: | The transport from the upper mixed layer into the pycnocline of particles with negative buoyancy is considered. Assuming the
hydrodynamic parameters to be time- independent, an adjoint model is resorted to that provides a general expression of the
residence time in the mixed layer of the constituent under study. It is seen that the residence time decreases as the settling
velocity increases or the diffusivity decreases. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the residence time must be larger than
z/w and smaller than h/w, where z, h and w denote the distance to the pycnocline, the thickness of the mixed layer and the sinking velocity. In the vicinity of the
pycnocline, the residence time is not necessarily zero; its behaviour critically depends on the eddy diffusivity profile in
this region. Closed-form solutions are obtained for constant and quadratic diffusivity profiles, which allows for an analysis
of the sensitivity of the residence time to the Peclet number. Finally, an approximate value is suggested of the depth-averaged
value of the residence time. |
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Keywords: | adjoint model mixed layer pycnocline residence time settling |
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