建筑施工现场危险区域主客观双线路风险评估研究

危险源是危险区域分析的基础,在国家强调工业安全的背景下,建筑工程施工现场危险区域的安全管理显得尤为重要,但目前相关领域缺乏系统的识别方法与评估框架。在考虑危险区域的阶段性与空间性的基础上,将主客观双线路评估应用于建筑施工现场危险区域的风险评估。主观路线采用失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)方法实施,并利用综合加权模糊TOPSIS进行算法优化;客观路线基于粗糙集理论中的约简原则与知识依赖性进行风险排序;最后通过松弛因子将两者结合,对建筑施工各阶段的区域风险进行了组合评估与分级。结果表明:所提出的新框架能够较好地反映建筑工程施工现场的风险水平,可为安全管理决策与应急疏散分析提供有效支持。

Subjective and Objective Double-route Risk Evaluation of Hazardous Area on Construction Site

Hazard sources are the basis for the analysis of hazardous areas.In the context of the country’s emphasis on industrial safety,the safety management of hazardous areas on construction sites is particularly important,but currently there is a lack of systematic identification methods and evaluation frameworks in related fields.On the basis of considering the stage and spatiality of a hazardous area,this paper applies the subjective and objective double-route assessment to the risk assessment of the hazardous area on construction site.The subjective route is implemented using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA)method,and algorithm optimization using comprehensive weighted fuzzy TOPSIS.The objective route is based on the reduction principle and knowledge dependence in the rough set theory for risk ranking.Finally,the hazardous area of each construction stage is evaluated and graded by combining the two routes by the rela-xation factor.The results show that the proposed new framework can better reflect the risk level of the construction site,and can provide effective support for safety management decision and emergency evacuation analysis.