基于组合赋权集对分析的空气质量评价——以长沙市为例

空气质量评价是大气环境综合治理的重要基础,合理、科学地对空气质量进行评价,才能做出精确的治理规划和制定有效的治理措施,为大气环境管理提供依据。提出一种基于组合赋权集对分析的空气质量评价方法。该方法首先采用超标倍数法和熵值法分别确定空气质量各评价指标的权重,然后根据离差平方和最小原理建立优化模型确定各评价指标最终的组合权重,并结合集对理论构建了空气质量评价模型,最后将该模型应用于长沙市,对该市2015—2019年空气质量进行了综合评价,并将其评价结果与空气质量指数法和模糊综合评价法的评价结果进行了对比,以验证模型的可靠性和可行性。结果表明:利用本文评价方法得到的评价结果与空气质量指数法得到的评价结果基本一致,准确度达到了83.33%;与模糊综合评价法相比,组合赋权集对分析法的评价结果波动性小,更加稳定。

Air Quality Assessment Based on Combined Weighted Set Analysis in Changsha City

Air quality assessment is an important basis for comprehensive management of atmospheric environment.Only a reasonable and scientific evaluation of air quality can make an accurate governance planning and effective control measures,and provide basis for atmospheric environmental management.This paper proposes an air quality assessment method based on the combined weighted set analysis.First,the paper calculates the weight of air quality index respectively using the excessive times method and the entropy value method,and determines final combined weight by building the optimal model according to the principle of least sums of squares of deviation.Then the paper constructs the air quality assessment model by combining the set theory.Finally,the paper applies the model to Changsha City to comprehensively assess the air quality in 2015—2019,and compares the assessment result with those by the air quality index method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to verify the reliability and feasibility.The results show that the assessment results obtained by the combined weighting set method are basically consistent with the other two methods,and the accuracy reaches 83.33%.However,compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the results are more stable with less fluctuation.