汶川地震极重灾区震后10年环境承载力评估

采用大气污染物超标指数、水污染物浓度超标指数、污染物浓度综合超标指数等3个指标,针对汶川地震极重灾区10个县市,评价了区域环境系统对社会经济系统的支撑能力.结果 表明:10个县市中,环境承载力超载的县市有7个,接近超载的县市有3个.其中,9个县市的大气存在环境质量问题,4个县市的水环境质量存在问题,整个区域大气环境质量...

Evaluation of Environmental Carrying Capacity in the Severest Disaster Area Ten Years after Wenchuan Earthquake

For 10 counties(cities)in the severely affected areas of the Wenchuan earthquake,three indicators including the air pollutant exceeding standard index,water pollutant concentration exceeding standard index,and pollutant concentration exceeding standard index were used to evaluate the regional environmental system's support capacity for the social and economic system.The results showed that among the 10 counties(cities),there are 7 counties(cities)with overloaded environmental carrying capacity and 3 counties(cities)near overload.There are environmental quality problems in the atmosphere of 9 counties(cities),and there are problems in the water environment quality in 4 counties(cities),indicating that the improvement of atmospheric environmental quality in the entire region is more severe.Among the air pollutants in 10 counties(cities),O₃,PM_2.5,and PM₁₀ generally exceeded or were close to exceeding standards,which are the main factors affecting regional air quality.Among the three indicators,PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are the most serious indicators.Air pollution has obvious regional characteristics in 10 counties(cities).The air pollutant concentration exceeding index in the 5 counties(cities)surrounding the Chengdu city circle,such as Dujiangyan,Pengzhou,Anxian,Mianzhu,and Shifang,is generally higher than that of 5 counties and cities far from the economic center of Chengdu.According to the nature of water pollutants that affect water quality and the ranking analysis of water environmental impact factors,Pengzhou and Shifang have higher loads on COD_Cr,P,N-NH₃,and Pingwu County has higher loads on CODmn and DO.The main environmental impact factor of Wenchuan is BOD5.According to the load of water pollution factor,the water pollution characteristics of the 10 counties(cities)are classified into three types which are concentrated pollution,non-point source pollution,and mixed pollution.