流域尺度的营养物质输移模型研究综述

近几十年来，水体富营养化已成为许多国家密切关注的环境问题，氮、磷等湖泊富营养化营养元素与流域的点源、非点源排放密切相关。随着点源治理水平的逐步提高，非点源污染的比重和危害将逐步增大。对流域的营养物质输移进行数值模拟对于揭示我国浅水湖泊富营养化的机制有重要的意义。国内外对这类模型已经有相当多的研究，形成了种类繁多的各类非点源污染模型。从湖泊营养盐外源输移的研究角度出发，分析了流域尺度的营养盐输移模拟机理性模型的结构特征，并对非点源污染模型在国内外的研究概况、模型的研究动态、主要模型的功能、结构及其特点和发展趋势进行了多视角的综述。

AN OVERVIEW: DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRIENT TRANSPORT MODELS AT CATCHMENT SCALE

Eutrophication is a problem which become widely recognized by scientific community over last a few decades. This has resulted in increased research effort and expenditure on management. Most studies have demonstrated that there is a relative importance of nonpoint source pollution ( NPSP ) in catchments for eutrophication. There are a lot of NPSP models simulating nutrient transport and transformation processes. This paper accounted for watershed interaction processes in general and structure of typical NPSP models, reviewed the research status of the nonpoint source pollution models on watershed scale, analyzed some representative models such as L-THIA, AGNPS, ANSWERS, SWAT, BASINS. Their structures, basic components, functions, and integrated means with GIS were compared. The future development trend of nonpoint source pollution watershed models was analyzed.