中国区域反应性气体排放源清单

反应性气体是形成气溶胶及酸雨、光化学烟雾等环境问题的重要前体物,采用政府部门公布的基础数据(包括社会－经济数据、化石燃料和生物质燃料消耗、废物处理数据等,绝大部分为县级水平)及一些较新的、中国特有的排放因子,计算了中国大陆2007年高时空分辨率的关键反应性气体SO2、NOx、CO、NH3、VOCs的排放源清单.计算出的全国和各地区的排放量使用了0.5°×0.5°的网格来显示,结果表明,各反应性气体的估算年排放量分别为:SO2 3158.4万t,主要是燃煤所致;NOx、CO分别为2492.6,15785.2万t,均主要来源于燃煤和生物质燃烧;NH3 1601.7万t,主要源于动物排放和农田化肥的使用;VOCs 3709.8万t,主要源于溶剂挥发、废物处理、交通源等.本研究计算的排放结果比以前的清单稍高,主要是由于部分排放量以前被低估了;东部地区的排放量比西部高.反应性气体的排放具有较强的季节性,主要是由于自然因素及居民采暖、农业秸秆的露天焚烧的季节性等所致.

Emission inventory of air pollutants in China

Reactive gas is the important precursor for aerosol formation, acid rain, photochemical smog and other environmental issues. The detailed high-resolution emission inventories of reactive gas from China in the year 2007 were carried out, based on the latest fuel consumption data, mostly at the county level, including fossil and biomass fuels and socio-economic statistics that were obtained from government agencies. Some new emission factors from local characteristization also were used. National and regional summaries of emissions were presented using 0.5°×0.5° resolution. The calculated SO2 emissions were 31.584 million tons, mainly sourced from the burning of coal. while, NOx and CO emissions were 24.926 and 157.852 million tons respectively, predominantly generated from the burning of coal and biofuels. NH3 emissions were 16.017 million tons, mainly sourced from animal waste disposal and fertilizer application. VOCs emissions were 37.098 million tons, mainly from the organic solvent application, waste disposal and transport. The emissions of reactive gas estimated here were higher than those in previous studies, mainly because some emission sectors were previously underestimated. More emissions were emitted from eastern China than western China. A strong seasonal dependence was observed for emissions, mainly due to seasonal changing of residential heating and biomass burning behavior.