成分法计算钢铁的生态足迹

运用生态足迹成分法,研究了钢铁工业排放废水、废气等的生态足迹占用,并对中国钢铁工业生态足迹及其构成进行实证研究.结果表明,中国钢铁工业总的生态足迹随总产量的增加而增加,由2000年的1.89×108hm2增加到2006年的5.09×108hm2,年均增长率为17.99%,但低于钢铁总产量的年均增长率（21.78%）.单位钢铁产量的生态足迹呈下降趋势,由2000年的1.4685hm2·t-1下降到2006年的1.2150 hm2·t-1.2005年，钢铁工业的生态足迹主要由吸收二氧化碳所需要的林地（27.28%）、铁矿石的生态足迹占用（27.14%）、氮氧化物排放的生态足迹占用（18.94%）和能源地占用（18.70%）组成,四者合计高达92.06%（2005年）.近年来, 中国钢铁工业在节能减排方面取得一定成效, 但钢铁工业高能耗、高污染的特征仍十分明显, 要减少钢铁工业的生态足迹, 关键是要减少能源和铁矿石的消耗, 减少废水和废气的排放.

Calculating the ecological footprint of the iron & steel industry with a component approach

The ecological footprint of the iron & steel industry in China was calculated by component analysis, particularly considering waste water and gas discharges. The main points of the results are as follows. ①The total ecological footprint (EF) of China iron & steel industry is growing, from 1.89 ×10~8hm~2 in 2000 to 5.09 ×10~8hm~2 in 2006. ② The 17.99% yearly average increase of EF is lower than 21.78% of the total output of iron & steel. The unit output ecological footprint of China's iron & steel industry decreases every year, from 1. 4685 hm~2. t~(-1) in 2000 to 1. 2150 hm~2·t~(-1) in 2006. ③Based on the 2005 data, the EF consists of four main aspects: the ecological footprints of CO_2 (27.28 % ), iron-are ( 27.14% ) , NOx ( 18.94 % ) and energy consumption( 18.70% ). In summary, ①the iron & steel industry of China achieved initial success in energy conservation and emission reduction because the industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high pollution. ②The crux of reducing the ecological footprint of iron & steel industry lies in decreasing energy and iron ore consumption, and cutting the discharge of waste water and waste gas.