基于土地利用转型视角的“亚喀斯特”区域生态环境效应研究——以黔中部分地区为例

在遥感与GIS的支持下,以1995、2000、2005和2010年的TM影像及2015年的Landsat8 OLI遥感影像为数据源,从土地利用转型的角度,运用区域生态环境质量指数和土地利用转型类型的生态贡献率对亚喀斯特地区的土地利用/覆盖变化过程及生态环境效应进行了定量分析。结果表明,1995~2015年间,亚喀斯特地区土地利用/覆盖变化较为显著,其中生活用地和生态用地面积增加,而生产用地面积减少,主要表现为农业生产用地向城镇、农村生活用地及林地生态用地的转化。计算得到亚喀斯特区域5期的生态环境质量指数分别为0.540 2、0.539 7、0.552 3、0.558 1和0.561 5,生态环境质量总体维持稳定,呈一定的上升趋势。致使亚喀斯特区域生态环境质量改善的主要原因是农业生产用地向林地、草地和水域生态用地的转化;致使生态环境恶化的主要是农业生产用地向城镇、农村生活用地等的转化,但生态环境改善的趋势要大于恶化的趋势。

Research on Characteristics of Ecological Environment Effect on a "Semi-Karst" Region Based on Land Use Transition: A Case in Central Guizhou Province, China

The semi-karst, different from typical karst and non-karst, is another geomorphologic landscape, with a special karst habitat, fragile ecological system, and poor stability, therefore being sensitive to outside interference. With rapid urbanization of the region, land use transformation and ecological environment effects on semi-karst area is a scientific problem worthy to be discussed. Under the support of remote sensing and GIS, land use change/cover data for 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were used respectively by remote sensing interpretation obtained from Landsat TM and Landsat 8 OLI images as the basic data source. The perspective land use transformation was acquired by applying the regional ecological environment quality index and ecological contribution ratio of the land use transition types. The land use/cover change and ecological environment effect in semi-karst area were also analyzed. Results show that during the years from 1995 to 2015, the land/cover had changed more significantly, with decreasing productive land area and increasing ecological and living land area. Results also show the conversion from agricultural productive land into urban and rural living land and forest ecological land. Besides, environment quality index of 5 study semi-karst area are 0.5402, 0.5397, 0.5523, 0.5581, and 0.5615, respectively. The ecological environment quality is basically stable. Improvement of ecological environment quality is agricultural productive land changing into woodland, grassland and water ecological land; Deterioration of the ecological environment is agricultural productive land changing into urban and rural living land. The improvement is the main trend.