植物影响陆地生态系统N2O产生和释放的研究进展

N2O是一种重要的温室气体。过去一直认为生物源N2O仅由土壤中的微生物过程所产生,但近些年来的研究表明,植物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,也参与了N2O的产生、排放,对N2O的通量有着重要影响。本文以国内外相关研究为基础,综合报道了多年来植物排放N2O的研究进展。研究表明:植物本身可以产生N2O,某些植物排放量可达到与土壤排放相当的水平,影响N2O释放的因素有植物种类、生长发育阶段、养分供给、光照强度及N2O浓度等;植物影响土壤N2O的产生、传输、释放,植物通过影响土壤的理化性质从而影响到土壤微生物的活动进而影响N2O的产生、排放,同时对淹水土壤中N2O的释放起到了重要的通道作用;植物类型和不同环境因素对N2O产生、排放影响不同,尤其是豆科植物根瘤菌对N2O的影响应引起更大的关注。文章最后提出了当前研究的不足及需要进一步深入研究的问题。

Progress in Research on Plant Effect on N2O Emission Flux from Terrestrial Ecosystem

N₂O is an important kind of greenhouse gases. It has been considered that N₂O is produced by soil microbial processes. But recent studies have shown that plants, as an important part of terrestrial land ecosystem, take part in the production and release of N₂O and have an important influence on N₂O flux. Based on domestic and foreign relevant studies, this paper reported some progress in research on N₂O emission of plants over years. Research showed that:(1) plants can produce N₂O, whose emission is equal to soil emission, which can be effected by species, growth stage, nutrient status, light intensity and CO₂ concentration; (2) plants influence the production, release and transmission of N₂O by affecting soil microbial activities, which would change the physico-chemial properties. while playing an important channel role in N₂O release in waterlogged soil; and (3) plant species and environments have different effects on N₂O emission, especially rhizobium. Finally, it is important to note that further study is needed.