根际土-辣椒系统中重金属的分布及食物安全风险评价

采集整株辣椒及其根际土壤,并将植株分为根、茎和果实三部分,分别测定铬、砷、镉、汞和铅的含量。探讨了五种重金属元素在根际土-辣椒系统中的分布规律,并评估了人群食用辣椒导致五种重金属元素暴露的健康风险。结果显示,辣椒果实中Cr、As、Cd、Hg和Pb五种重金属含量(干重)分别为0.30~9.93、0.01~0.03、0.01~0.13、0.01~0.09和0.01~0.58mg/kg;在根际土与辣椒果实间,重金属的累计富集系数为CdHgCrPbAs,Cd和Hg表现出较强的富集能力。虽然辣椒果实中各重金属的含量平均值均低于《农产品安全质量:无公害蔬菜安全要求》(GB 18406.1-2001)限值要求,但贵州居民通过食用辣椒途径摄入重金属Cr和As占其临时性每周人体可耐受摄入量的比例相对较高,食用辣椒摄入Cr和As造成的食品安全风险应引起关注。

Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Rhizospheric Soil-Capsicum System and Risk Assessment

The contents of heavy metals such as chromium, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead in the samples of whole capsicum plants and rhizospheric soils were determined. The distribution characteristics of the five heavy metals in the rhizoshere soil-capsicum system were discussed, and the health risk through capsicum consumption was assessed. The results showed that the concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in pepper fruit (dry weight) were within the ranges of 0.30~9.93, 0.01~0.03, 0.01~0.13, 0.01~0.09, and 0.01~0.58 mg/kg, respectively. The cumulative enrichment coefficient between soil and fruit followed a decreasing order of Cd > Hg > Cr > Pb > As, and Cd and Hg showed significant enrichment in pepper fruit. Although the average contents of heavy metals in pepper fruit were lower than the safe limits of (GB 18406.1-2001), the exposure of Cr and As through routine pepper consumption may impose a potential health risk on the local consumers in Guizhou Province, and such induced health risk should be concerned in food management.