基于专利的企业环境技术创新水平研究

以专利为衡量技术创新水平指标，对国内外企业环境技术创新水平的差异进行了分析。研究结果表明，1986～2005年期间，国内外企业环境技术创新水平逐年增强，不过我国企业的环境技术创新主体地位仍未建立；同国外企业相比，我国企业的原始技术创新能力不强。由于国内企业技术创新受到经济因素的影响，节约资源和清洁能源类环境技术比污染控制技术较多一些。在环境技术创新领域，无论国内还是国外，规模大、国际知名度高的企业占据了重要地位。基于我国企业仍未具备很强的环境技术创新能力，建议国家在构建环境技术创新体系时，应增加企业环境技术创新的经济、人力投入，尤其需要加强对大型企业环境技术创新的支持力度，发挥其规模效应。

Patent-based environmental technology innovation of enterprises

Difference of environmental technology innovation between domestic and foreign enterprises was studied by using patent as the indicator of innovation capability. Results indicated that environmental technology innovation capability of both domestic and foreign enterprises increased gradually from 1986 to 2005. However, enterprise was not the most important actor, although it should be, in environmental technology innovation system. The original innovation capability of domestic enterprises was weaker than that of foreign enterprises. Domestic enterprises’ capability of technology innovation relative to resource-saving and clean energy was stronger than that relative to pollution control, mainly because of insufficient investment to environmental technology innovation in these enterprises. Large-scale and worldwide famous enterprises played a more important role than other enterprises with respect to environmental technology innovation. Therefore, more financial and human capital investment to domestic enterprises was necessary in constructing an effective system of environmental technology innovation. Financial supports should be provided especially to large-scale enterprises in order to bring their scale effect into play.