三峡库区药用植物资源特征及其保护对策

三峡库区共有药用植物１１２９种,隶属于６０３属,１７４科。菊科、百合科、蝶形花科等１９个大科的种数达总种数的４９４％,蓼属、铁线莲属等２６个大属的种数达１８５％。中国特有种类占３７２％,显示出其在库区的丰富性。根茎类药用植物占４２１％,提示我们应适度采挖,做到永续利用。以林地为生境的药用植物占４８９％,表明森林是库区药用植物的资源库。三峡水库对库区药用植物资源的淹没损失不大,但其间接影响巨大。保护天然林是保护库区药用植物资源的重要途径。

CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES FORTHE MEDICINAL PLANT RESOURCES IN THE THREEGORGES RESERVOIR AREA

Some 1 129 species of medicinal plants belonging to 603 genera and 174 families were found in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.Of which 19 families such as Compositae,Liliaceae,Papilionaceae made up 49.4% of the total species,26 generaincluding Polygonum,Clematis,etc.occupied 18.5%,and 37.2% of them were endemic to China,reflecting the fichness of Chinese medical materials in this region.The plants using rhizomes as medicinal materials accounted for 42.1% of the total species,warning us that moderate collection is necessary for the purpose of sustainable utilization.The ratio of the species living in forests to the total was 48.9%,suggesting that forests were the resources pools of medicinal plants in the studied area.The indirect impacts of the Three Gorges Project on the medicinal plants were serious though the resources loss due to the submerge was not very high.Conservation of natural forests was the main way to preserve the medicinal plant resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.