青海湖地区生物多样性的空间特征与GAP分析

根据实地考察与有关资料,建立了青海湖环湖地区生态环境信息系统,在此基础上,提出了青海湖地区的生态系统分类,将青海湖环湖地区生态系统分为湖区及湖周水漫滩生态系统、草原生态系统、荒漠生态系统、高寒灌丛生态系统、高寒草甸生态系统、高寒荒漠生态系统、人工生态系统等。利用地理信息系统技术分析了青海湖地区的生物多样性空间特征,通过生物多样性保护的代表性、特有性、濒危性、敏感性原则与已经建立的青海湖国家级自然保护区进行叠加,进行ＧＡＰ分析,发现代表性的生态系统和普氏原羚等国家级保护动物的最适宜的生境没有包括在保护区内。然后,提出了青海湖自然保护区的分区方案及青海湖生物多样性的保护对策

BIODIVERSITY SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GAP ANALYSIS IN QINGHAI LAKE REGION

First,the Qinghai Lake region eco environment information system was established based on field surveys and historical documentation. Then, proposed an ecosystem classification system composing of Qinghai Lake and wetland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert shrubland system, alpine shrubland ecosystem, alpine meadow ecosystem, alpine desert ecosystem, and artificial ecosystem was proposed. The spatial characteristics of biodiversity in Qinghai Lake region was studied and the gap was identified based on principles of representativeness, peculiarity, endangerment and sensitivity. Overlaying the hotspots of biodiversity with the status of legal protection by means of GIS technique, the GAP analysis showed although the Qinghai Lake National Reserve was established, yet the typical ecosystem types and the most suitable habitat of the national protection species Przewakskis gazelle were excluded in the reserve. Therefore, a new reserve zoning scheme and conservative strategies for maintaining biodiversity of Qinghai Lake region were put forward.