水生植物材料与传统植物材料吸油性能比较

将水生植物材料(凤眼莲叶和茎、大薸叶)作为新型吸油材料,与传统植物材料(水稻秸秆、夏威夷坚果壳、甘蔗渣)的吸油性能进行比较。通过研究各材料的表面结构特征、表面基团特征、吸油能力和表面疏水性,来对比各材料的吸油性能。结果表明:水生植物材料具有较大吸油容量,且其叶子部分疏水性很强,适合作为水上浮油原位处理的吸附剂;水稻秸秆疏水性稍弱,但也是一种良好的水上浮油吸附剂;凤眼莲茎吸水性较强,与夏威夷坚果壳、甘蔗渣一样具有浮力较小、疏水性较弱的特点,但对正己烷的吸附速率非常快,可考虑作为填充滤料处理含油废水。

COMPARISON OF OIL SORPTION CAPACITY BETWEEN HYDROPHYTE AND TRADITIONAL VEGETABLE SORBENTS

As a new type of oil sorbent，the oil sorption capacity of hydrophyte materials ( Eichhornia crassipes stem and leaf， Pistiastratiotes leaf) were compared with traditional vegetable sorbents ( rice straw，Hawaii nut shell and sugarcane bagasse) ． Surface characteristics，functional group properties，oil sorption capacity and superficial hydrophobicity of each material were studied． The results showed that: Hydrophyte materials had larger oil sorption capacity and their leaves were highly hydrophobic，thus they were ideal oil sorbents for in-situ treatment． Hydrophobicity of rice straw was comparatively weaker， but it was also a good oil sorbent． Eichhornia crassipes stem was highly hydrophilic，and as smaller buoyancy and weaker hydrophobicity，similar to Hawaii nut shell and sugarcane bagasse． In addition，it could adsorb hexane fast and be used as filler materials in oily wastewater treatment．