5种豆科植物对铜尾矿的适应性研究

针对铜陵市铜尾矿废弃地的复垦,选用了5种豆科植物在5种不同的改良方式上进行盆栽试验研究.5种供试物种为:大豆(Glycine max)、赤豆(Phaseolus angularis)、赤小豆(P.calcaratus)、绿豆(P.radiatus)、山绿豆(P.mininus).研究结果发现,抑制植物生长的主要因素是尾矿基质极端贫瘠,重金属铜含量过高的缘故;5种豆科植物在5种改良方式上均可以萌发,但在基质上尾矿所占的比例越高,种子的萌发越晚;间苗后,供试物种大豆、赤豆和赤小豆植株全部成活,另外2种因不适应尾矿,有死亡现象.在同一改良方式中,第50天时,大豆及赤小豆叶片中叶绿素的含量比其它3种高;第70天时,大豆及赤小豆的株高及生物量也高出另外3种供试物种.综合生长期内各方面生物学指标,5种豆科植物中,大豆和赤小豆比其它3种植物具有较强的耐性,TA75的改良方式比较合理,可用于尾矿的复垦.

Studies on the Adaptation of Five Legumes Species to Copper Tailings

Pot experiments with five legumes were conducted in five different amendment substrates for the reclamation of copper tailings in Tongling, Anhui province. The five tested legumes species are Glycine max, Phaseolus angularis, P.calcaratus, P.radiatus, P.mininus. The results showed that the main factors to restrict growing of the vegetation are poor nutrient and high concentration of Cu. The seeds of the legumes species could germinate, but they germinated later in the substrates with higher proportion of copper tailings than in the substrates with lower proportion of copper tailings. After clipping, G.max, P.angularis, P.calcaratus, P.radiatus were alive all the time, but some of the other two legumes species were dead because of the their non-adaptation to the copper tailings. At the same amendment group, the chlorophyll contents of G.max and P.calcaratus were higher than that of other three experimental species on the 50th day. The height and the biomass of G.max and P.calcaratus were higher than that of other three experimental species on the 70th day too. According to the biological characteristics of the five species during the growth periods about indexes of the seeding survival, chlorophyll content, height and biomass, G.max and P.calcaratus are more adaptive and tolerant than the other legumes and the TA75 amendment approach is the more reasonable for the reclamation of copper tailings.