Heavy metals and couple fecundity, the LIFE Study |
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Authors: | Buck Louis Germaine M Sundaram Rajeshwari Schisterman Enrique F Sweeney Anne M Lynch Courtney D Gore-Langton Robert E Chen Zhen Kim Sungduk Caldwell Kathleen L Barr Dana Boyd |
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Institution: | a Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Room 7B05, Rockville, MD 20852, United States b Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A & M Health Science Center, School of Rural Public Health, United States c Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, United States d The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD, United States e Division of Laboratory Science, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States f Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, United States |
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Abstract: | The effect of heavy metals at environmentally relevant concentrations on couple fecundity has received limited study despite ubiquitous exposure. In 2005-2009, couples (n = 501) desiring pregnancy and discontinuing contraception were recruited and asked to complete interviews and to provide blood specimens for the quantification of cadmium (μg L−1), lead (μg dL−1) and mercury (μg L−1) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Couples completed daily journals on lifestyle and intercourse along with menstruation and pregnancy testing for women. Couples were followed for 12 months or until pregnant. Fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated adjusting for age, body mass index, cotinine, and serum lipids in relation to female then male exposures. FORs <1 denote a longer time to pregnancy. In adjusted models, reduced FORs were observed for both female cadmium (0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.97) and male lead (0.85; 95% CI 0.73-0.98) concentrations. When jointly modeling couples’ exposures, only male lead concentration significantly reduced the FOR (0.82; 95% CI 0.68, 0.97), though the FOR remained <1 for female cadmium (0.80; 95% CI 0.64, 1.00). This prospective couple based cohort with longitudinal capture of time to pregnancy is suggestive of cadmium and lead’s reproductive toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations. |
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Keywords: | Cd cadmium CI confidence interval FOR fecundability odds ratio Hg mercury Pb lead TTP time-to-pregnancy |
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