应用PART5模式计算机动车尾气管的颗粒物排放

采用修正的PART5模式获得了北京市机动车尾气管的颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)排放因子.在此基础上,计算了北京市1995和1998年机动车PM10和PM2.5的排放总量,并确定了分车型的排放分担率和颗粒物中各组分(铅、硫酸盐、可溶性有机物和残余碳等)的比例.结果表明,北京市机动车PM10和PM2.5的平均排放因子很高,其中汽油车、摩托车和重型柴油车的排放因子分别是美国同期水平的1.7～8.6倍、2.1～3.5倍和1.3～1.5倍.1995年北京市机动车尾气管排放的PM10和PM2.5分别为2445t和1890t,1998年则分别增至3359t和2694t,增加的幅度为37.4%和42.5%.

Calculating Emissions of Exhaust Particulate Matter from Motor Vehicles with PART5 Model

PART5, a vehicle particulate emission factor model developed by USEPA, was modified and then used to obtain the emission factors of exhaust PM10 and PM2.5 from on-road automobiles, trucks and motorcycles in Beijing. The total exhaust PM10 and PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles in 1995 and 1998 were calculated separately. The contribution ratios of different types of vehicles to the total vehicular emissions, and the share of different exhaust particulate components including Pb, direct SO4(2-), soluble organic fraction (SOF) and remaining carbon portion (RCP), were also estimated. It was shown that the emission factors of exhaust PM10 and PM2.5 from gasoline motor vehicles, motorcycles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles in Beijing were 1.7-8.6 times, 2.1-3.5 times and 1.3-1.5 times, respectively, of the USA average emission levels during the same period. The total exhaust PM10 and PM2.5 from vehicles were 2445 tons and 1890 tons in 1995 in Beijing, and increased to 3359 tons and 2694 tons in 1998, which increase by 37.4% and 42.5%, respectively.