作为我国循环经济测度的生态效率指标及其实证研究

尝试借鉴德国环境经济账户中的生态效率指标，并根据我国实际情况，构建适合度量我国循环经济发展的生态效率指标。这套指标是基于GDP与建设用地、能源消耗、用水总量、原材料消耗等4个资源投入性指标和二氧化硫排放量、废水排放量、国内生产排放量等3个污染排放类指标生成的，包括土地产出率、能源产出率、用水产出率、原材料消耗产出率、二氧化硫排放产出率、废水排放产出率、国内生产排放产出率等7个指标。应用这套生态效率指标分析我国1990～2005年生态效率的发展趋势，发现1990～2005年各种自然输入要素的生态效率均呈现增长态势，但增长速度仅使自然输入要素与经济产出呈现出不同程度的弱脱钩。其中，用水产出率增长最快，能源产出率增长最慢；用水产出率、国内生产排放产出率和土地产出率的增长速度高于就业人员劳动生产率的增长速度，而二氧化硫排放产出率、废水排放产出率、原材料消耗产出率和能源消耗产出率的增长速度低于就业人员劳动生产率的增长速度。

ECO-EFFICIENCY INDICATORS AND THEIR DEMONSTRATION AS THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY MEASUREMENT IN CHINA

The development of circular economy has become one of the most important strategies in the development of social economy in China at present.Yet the measurement of the development degree of circular economy is still a problem needing to be solved.This paper attempts to construct a set of eco efficiency indicators to measure circular economy development in China according to the country's actual conditions,and referring to the eco efficiency indicators in German environmental economic account.The set of eco efficiency indicators are composed of 7 ones including construction land productivity,energy productivity,water productivity,raw material productivity,productivity of sulfur dioxide emission,productivity of waste water emission and productivity of domestic processed output (DPO),which are originated from economic indicators of gross domestic product (GDP)—4 indicators of resource demands including construction land,energy consumption,water consumption and raw material consumption,and 3 indicators of emissions involving volume of sulfur dioxide emission,volume of waste water emission and DPO.Then,the set of eco efficiency indicators were applied to analyze the variation trend of eco efficiency in China from 1990 to 2005.It is found that the eco efficiency of every natural input factor shows a growing trend,while the growth rates simply lead to the weak separation of natural input factors from GDP to different degrees.Among all the growth rates of the eco efficiency indicators,the growth rate of water productivity is the highest,while that of energy productivity is the lowest; on the other hand,growth rates of productivities of water consumption,DPO and construction land are higher than labor productivity in terms of employment,while the growth rates of productivities of sulfur dioxide emission,waste water discharge,raw material consumption and energy consumption are lower than labor productivity in terms of employment.