HAZOP分析方法在石油工业上游业务中的应用

基于国内石油工业上游业务风险分析和安全评价现状,针对油气勘探、油气田开发、油气集输和海洋石油各阶段工艺流程与作业环境特性,选择引导词、偏差进行安全评价,分析和探讨HAZOP分析方法在上游业务中应用的可行性和适用性。研究表明,对于油气田开发、油气集输阶段以及海上油气田生产方面,应用HAZOP分析,可从本质安全角度提出项目风险管理控制措施,提高装置安全性和可操作性,促进企业持续稳定发展。但对于油气勘探阶段,由于其风险呈层次型且评价方法依赖于数学建模和数值计算,不适宜采用HAZOP分析方法。

Application of HAZOP analysis on upstream business in petroceum industry

Based on the risk analysis and safety assessment, the paper intended to discuss the feasibility and applicability of the HAZOP analysis method for upstream operation in petroleum industry, which was extending of the method applying for refining and petrochemical industry. According to the characteristic of process flows and operation environment, deviation and guide words were selected to establish the deviation matrix, making it possible to identify the factors that may lead to the hazard in oil and gas exploration, exploitation, transportation, as well as offshore field. Several examples over the four parts in upstream business were provided to demonstrate the effect of the HAZOP analysis method. The result of the analysis indicated that HAZOP analysis method had meaningful influence on the improvement of the safety and operability of units in the later three parts and enhanced their quality of safety management ; nevertheless, the method was not suitable for oil and gas exploration because of the risk trait, which relied on the numerical model and calculation method.