毒气泄漏事故避难场所避难效果分析

有毒气体泄漏时,疏散和就地避难都是保护人员安全的有效行动。当疏散行动无效时,此时可考虑进行就地避难,应急决策者必须准确认识就地避难的可靠性。文中模拟分析了渗透吸附作用、换气次数、避难室空间体积、有效吸附面积对避难室内浓度的影响。结果表明,渗透吸附作用的存在明显降低了室内浓度,且强度越大浓度越低;换气次数越小,浓度越低;避难室空间越大,浓度越低,但影响不明显;吸附面积与空间体积之比越大,浓度下降越明显;毒负荷指数越大,规定暴露时间内避难室内毒负荷上升越缓慢。最后确定了特定场景下避难室最佳换气次数。

Effect analysis of shelter for toxic gas release incident

Evacuation and shelter-in-place has usually been used to protect public from toxic gas release incidents.When evacuation is noneffective,shelter-in-place should be considered.So emergency decision-makers should have an accurate understanding on the reliability of shelter-in-place.Effects of sink adsorption,air exchange rate,saferoom volume and effective adsorption area on safe-room concentration were studied in this paper.It showed that the existence of adsorption significantly reduced the indoor concentration,and the greater the intensity was,the lower concentration was;the smaller the air exchange rate was,the lower concentration was;the larger the safe-room volume was,the lower concentration was,but the effect was not obvious;the larger the absorption area and space volume ratio were,the concentration declined more obvious;the greater the toxic load index was,the lower toxic load increased in shelter-in-place in stated exposure time.Finally,the optimal air exchange rate was determined in a specific scenario.This study will be helpful for guiding the selection and design of emergency shelters.