北京市公交车内噪声监测与分析

公交车内噪声环境是影响驾驶员、售票员以及乘客乘车环境的重要物理因素.鉴于此,选取了北京3类15辆公交车进行了测量与分析.结果显示,北京公交车内噪声LAeq最高达到了79.6dB(A),噪声污染级最高达到91.9dB(A),交通噪声指数最高达96.3dB(A).显示北京公交车内噪声污染较为严重.此外对不同测点位置、不同类型车辆的噪声水平进行了方差分析.测点位置、车辆类型以及其交互效应均不存在显著差异(P＞0.05).频谱分析显示,车内噪声以低频为主,且呈现出显著的线性特征.铰链式公交车的部分高频成分较为显著.进一步计算发现NCB值均较高,车内存在较显著隆隆声和振动感,铰链式车辆的NCB值也显著高于其他两类公交车.为降低公交车内噪声强度,防止司售人员和乘客所处声环境的进一步恶化,建议相关部门采取有效措施进行控制.

Interior noise measurement and analysis of Beijing public transportation

The bus interior noise environment is an important physical factor that affects the driver,conductor and passengers traveling environment.In view of this,3 categories of the 15 buses were selected to be measured and analyzed.The results showed that the LAeqof the noise interior the Beijing bus was up to 79.6dB（A）.The LNP was up to 91.9dB（A） and the TNI reached 96.3dB（A）.The result demonstrated that bus interior noise pollution is more serious.In addition,the variance analysis showed that there was no significantly different of measuring points,different types of vehicles and their interaction effects（P 0.05）.The spectrum analysis showed that the interior noise had a feature of low frequency,and showed significant linear features.However,The articulated bus also showed a high frequency characteristics.Further analysis showed that the NCB values were high,therefore the car had significant rumble and vibration sense,The NCB values of articulated vehicle was also significantly higher than the other two types of buses.In order to reduce the bus interior noise level and to prevent the further deterioration of the noise situation of the driver,conductor and passengers,measures should be taken to control the interior noise of the buses.