基于FDS模拟的动车车厢火灾烟气迁移特性研究

运用FDS软件大涡模拟,建立动车组列车两列车厢的火灾模型。研究多火源和单火源情况下,不同风机排风速度对烟气在列车车厢内蔓延以及烟气层高度的影响。结果表明:多火源情况下,当风机排风速率较小(2.5m/s)时,风机在排烟的同时也在一定程度上助长了烟气的蔓延,导致烟区面积扩大,不利于车厢内人员疏散;而当风机风速较大(5.0m/s)时,烟气的横向蔓延会受到明显的抑制。单火源情况下,风机排风速率越大,烟气层高度越高,车厢内温度越低,此时应保持车厢间的连接处畅通,便于人员从临近车厢疏散。

Study on smoke migration characteristics of EMU compartment fire based on FDS simulation

Based on the large eddy simulation of FDS （ Fire Dynamics Simulator） software, a two-compartment fire model of EMU （Electric Multiple Units） was built. The study focused mainly on the influence of different fan ex- haust speeds to the gas spread and smoke layer height within the compartment under the condition of one or more fire sources. The results showed that： in the multi fire sources case, when the fan exhaust speed was relatively low （2.5 m/s） , the fans not only enlarged exhaust the gases, but also contributed to the gas expansion to a certain de- gree, thus enlarged the gas zone area, and made evacuation even more difficult. When the fan exhaust speed was relatively fast （5.0 m/s）, horizontal gas spread would be obviously inhibited. In single fire source case, the faster the fan exhaust speed, the higher the smoke layer height, and the lower the compartment temperature. In this case, the joint door between the two EMU compartments should be kept open so that people can evacuate easily from the adjacent compartment.