改性膨润土应急截留液态有机物的性能及机制

用长碳链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂改性膨润土,研究其对典型液态有机物(苯、氯苯、硝基苯、柴油)的截留性能及作用机制,并进行了中试规模的模拟应急处置试验.改性膨润土对液态有机物的单位截留量(2.83～9.01 g.g-1)明显高于常规截留剂(0.28～1.17 g.g-1).表面活性剂的性质、添加量及有机物本身的黏度是影响改性膨润土对液态有机物截留性能的重要因素,其中以溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)为改性剂且其添加量为100%CEC的改性膨润土的截留性能最佳.在液态有机物泄漏模拟处置中,改性膨润土应急截留装置可在短时间内(30 min)完成对液态有机物90%以上的就地截留.研究表明改性膨润土截留液态有机物的主要作用机制是表面活性剂的改性处理增强了改性膨润土的疏水性,并增大了其层间距,从而提高了其对液态有机物的截留性能.

Emergent Retention of Organic Liquid by Modified Bentonites: Property and Mechanism

In this study, the property and mechanism of modified bentonites synthesized by long chain quaternary ammonium compounds which would be used in the emergent retention of typical organic liquid (benzene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene and diesel) were investigated and a pilot-scale simulation experiment was conducted. The unit retention capacity of modified bentonites for organic liquid (2.83-9.01 g·g^-1) was much higher than that of conventional retention agents (0.28-1.17 g·g^-1). The property and amount of the surfactants used and viscosity of organic liquid had a significant influence on the retention capacity of modified bentonites for the organic liquid, for example, the bentonites modified by cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMAB) with an adding quantity of 100% CEC showed the highest efficiency in the retention of organic liquid. In the simulation experiment, organic liquid could be retained effectively within 30 min by emergent retention device with modified bentonites and the retention efficiency might reach positively up to 90%. Results indicated that modifications using surfactants could enhance the hydrophobicity and interlayer space of the modified bentonites and make their retention capacities for organic liquid improved.