干旱内流区绿洲乡村聚落空间格局及影响因素分析——以塔里木河流域为例

把握干旱区绿洲群乡村聚落空间规律，揭示其驱动因素，以期为新疆乡村振兴战略实施中的聚落规划和管理提供依据。基于GIS空间分析技术、景观韵律指数及计量统计方法，研究塔里木河流域绿洲乡村聚落的空间格局及其影响机制，结果表明：(1）塔里木河流域绿洲乡村聚落规模差异悬殊、微小型聚落数量居多、整体呈小规模—低密度—多核破碎化分布；(2）流域上游至下游，乡村聚落密度、规模、形状、破碎化程度分异明显，空间上呈现逐次递减态势，且大小绿洲、兵地聚落差异明显；(3）聚落主要分布在海拔767~1 746 m、坡度0° ~ 4°、距河流2 km以内。交通、经济、政策、兵地体制等人文因素是推动聚落空间演变及发展的重要驱动因素，但在塔里木河流域复杂的地势地貌及河流典型的内陆性质影响下，聚落的格局发展演变受自然因素制约较强。

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors Of Oasis Rural Settlements in Inland River Basin: A Case Study in Tarim River Basin

Grasp the spatial distribution of rural settlements in oasis groups in arid areas and reveal its driving factors, in order to provide basis for settlement planning and management in the implementation of rural revitalization strategy in Xinjiang. Based on GIS spatial analysis technology, landscape rhythm index and econometric statistical method, explore the spatial pattern and influence mechanism of rural settlement in oasis group of Tarim River Basin. Results show that: (1) There is a quite difference of rural settlement scale in oasis of Tarim River Basin, micro settlement account for a large proportion which is distributed by small-scale, low-density and multi-nuclear fragmentation as a whole of Tarim River Basin; （2) From the upstream to the downstream of the basin, the density, scale, shape and fragmentation degree of rural settlements are obviously different, and there is a decreasing trend in space, it’s significant difference between large and small Corps and Local Settlements.(3) Settlements is mainly distributed in altitude 767~1 746 m, slope 0~ 4°, within 2 km of river. Traffic, economy, policy, military land system and other human factors are important driving factors to promote the evolution and development of settlement space, but under the influence of complex landform and typical inland nature of Tarim River Basin, the development and evolution of settlement pattern is strongly restricted by natural factors.