炼化常减压装置挥发性有机物无组织源谱分析

以典型常减压装置中工艺管线无组织逸散VOCs为切入点，选取不同地域的多套常减压装置，参照美国EPA包袋法采样标准，并按照HJ 644-2013标准将气态样品转移到组合三吸附管内，利用气相色谱-质谱仪进行分析检测.结果表明，常减压装置无组织排放的VOCs共含116种物质，以烷烃类、烯烃类和醛酮类物质占主导，其中烷烃类物质占总排放的65%以上.在此基础上，对检出物质占比量进行量化分析，明确了常减压装置VOCs无组织排放因子以2-甲基丁烷、丁烯和苯等物质为主，并检出了微量的萘.相关结论可为炼化企业构建VOCs排放清单提供有力支撑，对于后续精细化管理炼化行业的VOCs排放具有指导意义.

Emission reduction mechanism of environmental regulation from a perspective of whole-process prevention: Evidences from the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2007 to 2017, we used mediation effect model to explore emission reduction mechanisms of the government-led and market-incentive environmental regulations from the perspective of whole-process prevention. Both the government-led and the market-incentive environmental regulations, with impact coefficients of -0.154 and -0.209, respectively, significantly suppressed SO₂ emissions. The government-led environmental regulation had played a significant role in reducing emissions during the process of source prevention, process control and end treatment, while the market-incentive environmental regulation only acted on emission reduction in the process of end treatment. Therefore, although market-incentive environmental regulation is low-cost and high-efficiency, since played by the source prevention and process control plays a fundamental role in eco-environmental protection, it is still necessary for less developed areas and industries to pay attention to government-led environmental regulation, i.e., to implement regional-specific and scientific environmental regulation tools, to local conditions to control the pollution throughout the process.