区域空气质量监测网络优化布点方法研究

通过分析区域空气质量监测网络(RAQMN)优化布点的各种限制因素,利用空气质量模型模拟数据构建综合评价浓度,建立以最大贴近度为优化目标,以建设成本、地形、行政区域、人口布局和空间覆盖率等为约束条件的RAQMN优化布点方法.以珠江三角洲为案例背景,利用此方法分析了考虑常规污染物(SO2、NO2和PM10)、区域特征污染物(O3和PM2.5)和同时考虑包括常规、区域特征污染物等多种污染物组合3种情景下的RAQMN的优化布点.结果表明,该方法能够成功地应用于RAQMN的优化选址.与仅考虑常规污染物和仅考虑区域特征污染物的优化结果相比,同时考虑多种污染物优化结果的空间代表性更好,更能满足RAQMN的监测目标与优化布点的要求.

Optimization of site locations of regional air quality monitoring network:methodology study

On the basis of analyzing various constraints in designing a regional air quality monitoring network (RAQMN), using synthetic evaluation concentrations based on simulated data from air quality models, a methodological framework for site optimal locating was established. The framework took the maximum approximately degree as an optimization objective, and used the construction cost, terrain condition, administrative division, population distribution and spatial coverage as constrain conditions. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region was used as a case site to illustrate the framework with three representative scenarios: (1) conventional pollutants (SO2, NO2 and PM10); (2) pollutants with regional characteristics (O3 and PM2.5); (3) combination of (1) and (2) plus others. The proposed approach could be successfully used for optimal locating of RAQMN sites; and the Scenario 3 considering both conventional and regional pollutants could better represent the regional characteristics and more extensively reflect regional air quality.