中国环境科学理论研究及发展

主要介绍20年来中国环境科学基本理论研究及其发展。即大气和水环境科学与环境生态学和环境管理学主要理论研究及其发展。20年来中国环境科学发展甚为迅速,根据环境流体力学基本理论,研究污染物在大气和水环境中迁移扩散规律,与国际上同类研究并驾齐驱。大气环境化学研究中,对光化学烟雾和酸雨形成条件和机理;水环境化学中,对重金属形态转化和氮、磷转化规律取得许多基本结论。与国外同类研究尚有一定差距。特别污染有机化学基本理论研究甚为薄弱。环境生态学20年来做了大量研究工作,积累了许多资料,对一些巨大环境生态问题,如富营养化作用、赤潮等问题形成机理尚待突破。环境管理学成就最大,从实践中已探索出中国环境管理学研究的道路。已为1992年在巴西召开的“联合国环境与发展会议”所肯定。中国自然环境复杂,经济迅速在发展,会出现许多新的环境问题,其形成规律和防治途经有待全国环境科学研究者研究。

Research and Development in the Fundamental Theories of Environmental Science in China

This paper deals with the research and development in the fundamental theories of environmental science in China over the past two decades,covering the main theoretical grounds of atmospheric environmental science, aquatic environmental science, environmental ecology, and environmental management science. Environmental science in China has developed rapidly for the last 20 years. The studies on the transportation and diffusion of pollutants in the atmospheric and aquatic environments , based on the basic theories of environmental hydromechanics, are comparable to those in the world. Many basic conclusions,such as those on the conditions and mechanisms of forming photochemical smog and acid rain in the field of atmospheric environmental chemistry and those on the spe-ciation of heavy metals and the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus transformation in the field of aquatic environmental science, have been achieved. But there remains an obvious gap as compared to those international studies in these two fields, especially the study on the basic thories of pollution organic chemistry which is still quite weak in China. Many research efforts have been made for environmental ecology on which a large number of data have been accumulated while further efforts should be directedto to some major ecological and environmental issues, such as the mechanisms on eutrophication and red tide formation. The greatest achievements have been seen in the environmental management science on which a China-specific research way in the light of the management practice in China was accepted by the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Brazil. Many new environmental problems wich will emerge due to the varied physical environment and rapidly-developing economy in China will wait for the Chinese environmental scientists to study their causes and pollution control.