土壤中有效态重金属的化学试剂提取法研究进展

土壤重金属污染是国内外关注的热点问题，针对采用全量重金属评价土壤污染存在的问题，本文综述了近年来土壤有效态重金属的化学提取方法研究进展，比较分析了各种单一提取法和影响土壤重金属提取率的因素。在此基础上，评价了各类提取方法的特点及其在应用上的优势和局限，指出了筛选通用提取剂的原则和依据。结合实验初步提出以去离子水作为通用提取剂的可行性及尚需研究解决的问题。

Study of Chemical Extraction of Heavy Metals in Soil

Heavy metals contamination in soil has been noted all over the world. Considering the problem of assessing soil pollution with the total content of heavy metal in soil, the proceedings of chemical extraction of available heavy metals in soil studied by the researchers in recent years were reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, extracting mechanisms and the elements that affect the extracting ability of extractants were compared and analysed. On the base of these, the advantages and disadvantages of all means of chemical extraction in application and their characteristics were valued. And the importance, principles and substance of selecting common extractant were pointed out. Meanwhile, the feasibility of water as the common extractant and the problems that should be solved in the future are primarily put forward.