基于投影寻踪模型的湖南省土地多功能时空演变分析

土地多功能时空格局分析能够为明确区域土地利用方向及提升多功能整体效应提供参考。研究基于三生功能理论，通过划分土地多功能类型和构建多功能评价指标体系，综合运用投影寻踪法、空间自相关等揭示了2005、2010和2015年湖南省122个县（市）土地多功能时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）生态保育功能平均水平最高，农业生产功能次之，旅游功能相对较低；除生态功能有所下降外，其他各项功能呈现上升趋势，经济生产发展功能和社会保障居住就业功能提升幅度明显；（2）湖南省多功能性水平呈增加趋势且空间异质性明显，呈现由东向西递减的格局。单项功能水平空间分布差异明显，并表现出空间集聚的特征。农业生产、经济发展和社会保障居住就业功能较高的区域主要集中于湖南东部的长株潭地区及京广高速公路沿线县（市），而生态保育功能高值区则主要分布于湘西、湘南、湘东南等山地丘陵区，研究期间，旅游功能集聚度逐渐提升，农业生产、社会保障居住就业和生态功能集聚度呈减弱趋势；(3)与传统评价方法相比，投影寻踪法客观可靠，信息表征丰富，结果合理，在土地多功能评价方面具有有效性。 关键词： 土地多功能性；时空格局；投影寻踪；空间自相关；湖南省

Evaluation of Multi-functionality of Land Use Based on Projection Pursuit Model in Hunan Province

The Spatial and temporal patterns analysis of land use functions can provide a reference for determination of the land use direction and promotion of the multi-functional overall effect.Based on the Production-Living-Ecological functions theory, land use functions classification was carried out and evaluation index system was established. Then Projection Pursuit Model and spatial autocorrelation method were employed to reveal the Spatial and temporal patterns characteristics of land use multi-functionality in 122 counties (cities) in 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Hunan Province. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the average level of ecological conservation function was the highest, the agricultural production function was moderate, the tourism function was relatively low. Except for the decline of ecological function, the other functions showed an upward trend, the ascending amplitude of economic production development function and social security residential employment function were obvious.(2) The land use multi-functionality of Hunan Province showed an increasing trend and the spatial heterogeneity was obvious, the value showed an decreasing pattern from east to west. The spatial distribution of single function was significantly different, but the spatial agglomeration feature was always significant. The counties whose agricultural production, economic development and social security residential employment functions higher were mainly concentrated in the Changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan region of Hunan province or seated along the Beijing-guangzhou railway. The high-value area of ecological conservation function was mainly distributed in the hilly areas such as west, south and southeast of Hunan Province. During the study period, the tourism function agglomeration degree increased gradually, the agglomeration degree of agricultural production function, social security residential employment function and ecological function showed a weakening trend.(3) Compared with the traditional evaluation method, the projection pursuit model is objective and reliable,at the same time it can get rich information representation and reasonable result. The result is effective in the evaluation of the land multifunction. Key words：land use multi-functionality；spatial-temporal pattern；projection pursuit Model; spatial autocorrelation; Hunan Province