Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of HCHs in Urban Soils of Beijing,China |
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Authors: | Lingyan Yang Xinghui Xia Lijuan Hu |
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Institution: | (1) School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;(2) State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; |
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Abstract: | The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were investigated in urban soil samples collected from business area,
classical garden (CL), culture and educational area, large public green space (LA), residential area, and roadside area in
Beijing. HCH concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 136.43 ng/g, with a geometric mean of 3.46 ng/g. The HCH concentrations in
CL and LA were much higher than that in the other types of land use, which was due to the usage of HCHs to protect vegetation
in CL and LA. Source identification showed that contamination source of HCHs was derived from historical HCHs (including technical
HCHs and Lindane) as well as the long-range atmospheric transportation of HCHs. HCH concentrations showed a decreasing trend
from the city centre to the suburb, and it increased with the age of the urban area. HCHs were negatively correlated with
pH and positively correlated with total organic carbon and black carbon in soils. Health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte
Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from dermal uptake and inhalation exposure pathways, and the total risk
values were lower than the acceptable health risk value (10 − 6). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the reaction half-life of HCHs in soil, fraction dermal uptake from soil, exposure
duration, and organic carbon fraction in soil significantly contributed to the variance of the health risk. |
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