巢湖沉积物中磷蓄积时空变化及人为污染定量评价

研究了巢湖表层沉积物及西部湖心区沉积岩芯中总磷(TP)及NaOH提取态磷(NaOH-P)、HCl提取态磷(HCl-P)、有机磷(OP)含量变化,揭示了沉积物中磷的人为污染贡献量时空变化特征.1850年以来,西部湖心区沉积岩芯中TP呈明显的3段式变化,1850～1950年,TP含量较为稳定;1950～1980年,TP含量逐渐增加;1980年以来,TP含量达到近150年来的最大值,平均为858.3 mg.kg-1.沉积岩芯中NaOH-P及OP含量变化趋势与TP一致,但NaOH-P所占TP质量分数在上述3个阶段中逐渐增加,OP所占TP质量分数相对稳定;沉积岩芯中HCl-P含量较为稳定,所占TP质量分数逐段降低.表层沉积物中NaOH-P与TP含量空间变化规律一致,总体上为西部湖区>东部湖区,北部湖区>南部湖区.采用地球化学方法对沉积物中磷含量"粒度效应"进行矫正,计算得到1850年以来上述3个阶段沉积岩芯中磷的人为污染贡献量平均分别为59.5、118.8、297.9 mg.kg-1;表层沉积物中磷的人为污染贡献量为22.9～2 500.0 mg.kg-1,由西北部湖区向东南部湖区递减,与水体TP质量浓度变化趋势完全一致.人为污染贡献的磷主要以NaOH-P结合态蓄积于巢湖沉积物中.除了农业面源污染之外,通过南淝河输入的来自合肥等城市废水是西部湖区磷污染的主要"贡献者".

Enrichment Characteristic of Phosphorus in Surface and Core Sediments of Chaohu Lake and the Pollution Quantification

Content of phosphorus (TP) and three species (NaOH-P, OP and HCl-P) in the sediment core from the central region of west Chaohu Lake and surface sediments of the lake were determined. TP exhibited three stages variation in the sediment core over the last 150 years, which was with relatively constant values in 1850-1950, increased gradually in 1950-1980 and reached the maximum average values of 858.3 mg·kg^-1 after 1980. Content of NaOH-P increased in parallel with that of TP. The percentage of NaOH-P increased gradually in the three stages. Content of OP also varied in parallel with that of TP, however, the percentage of OP was relatively constant in the three stages. HCl-P was with constant content over the last 150 years, but the percentage of which decreased more recently. In the surface sediment, NaOH-P and TP exhibited similar variation trends, which were with higher values in the west region of the lake than those in the east region and with higher values in the north region of the lake than those in the south region. Anthropogenic pollution of phosphorus in the core and surface sediments was quantified after the geochemical normalization for the compensation of "grain size effect". Anthropogenic phosphorus, mainly presented in the specie of NaOH-P, were 59.5 mg·kg^-1, 118.8 mg·kg^-1 and 297.9 mg·kg^-1 averagely during the three periods of 1850-1950, 1950-1980 and after 1980 in the sediment core from the central region of west Chaohu Lake, and was 22.9-2500.0 mg·kg^-1 in the surface sediment. Content of anthropogenic phosphorus in surface sediment presented similar spatial variations of TP in the water, decreased to the southeast lake part away from the northwest region near Nanfei River mouth. We deduced that the discharge via Nanfei River of sewage from Heifei City should dominantly contribute the enrichment of anthropogenic phosphorus in the sediment of west Chaohu Lake in addition to the non-point agricultural sources.