石油输入对河口芦苇湿地根际微生物的影响

以辽东湾双台子河河口芦苇湿地为对象,以石油污染物作为主要的外源性污染物,采用湿地模拟实验装置进行了为期6个月的室外模拟实验,研究了石油的重要组分正构烷烃和多环芳烃在芦苇根区土壤中的时空分布及对湿地植物根际土壤微生物种群数量和群落结构的影响. 结果表明,石油污染物的输入降低了土壤的含氧量,减少了根际细菌的数量,芦苇根际细菌的数量仅为对照的1/4,同时也改变了微生物群落的优势菌群.经过6个月的含油河水灌溉后,形成了以变形菌门(Proteobacterium spp.)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes spp.)为主要优势菌群的群落结构,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes spp.)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria spp.)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria spp.)则受到不同程度的抑制.

Effect of oil pollution on community structure of plants rhizospheric microorganisms in estuarine wetland

Impacts of long time drip-irrigation with oil-polluted water on microorganisms in reed rhizospheric soils were analyzed. Aftera six-month irrigation with oil-polluted water, the counts of bacteria at a -20 cm depth in soils were only 1/4 of those without oil-polluted water, but the growth and reproduction of hydrocarbon degraders were promoted. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles revealed that the structure of bacterial community was generally less affected, but the dominant flora was changed. Some members in phyla Proteobacterium and Bacteroidetes formed a stable, dominant community structure after the six-month irrigation with oil-polluted water, whereas the growth and reproduction of some members in phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were obviously restrained.