湄洲湾水体中持久性有机污染物的污染特征与风险评估

对湄洲湾海域表层水体中的持久性有机污染物(POPs)的特征进行了综合的调查分析.结果显示,湄洲湾水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度分别为:1.51~10.3ng/L平均值(4.28±2.72)ng/L]、5.31~42.6ng/L平均值(18.52±10.58)ng/L]、125~167ng/L平均值(145±11.8)ng/L].与国内其他海域水体相比,湄洲湾的POPs污染均处于中等偏低的水平.湄洲湾海域水体中不同种类的POPs空间分布存在较大差异.HCHs分布表明该区域存在工业品HCHs和林丹的使用;滴滴涕(DDTs)则以工业早期残留为主并伴有新的污染输入;沿岸的化工企业排放的污水可能是该海域PCBs的主要来源;PAHs主要来源石油源,这与该海域密集的油码头与频繁的船运有关.依据目前的环境控制标准判定,湄洲湾海域水体中POPs仅PCBs的浓度有超出风险值限定,可能对生态环境造成危害,应采取相应的污染物控制与减排措施.

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in Meizhou Bay

A comprehensive survey on the pollution characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of surface water body in Meizhou Bay was carried out. The survey showed that the concentration of organic chlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in surface water body of Meizhou Bay, with their concentration ranged from 1.51 to 10.3ng/L (natural average (4.28±2.72) ng/L)、5.31~42.6ng/L (natural average (18.5±10.6) ng/L) and 125~167ng/L (natural average( 145±11.8) ng/L), respectively. Compared with other domestic sea water, POPs levels of Meizhou Bay were in the lower medium level. Different kinds of POPs of Meizhou bay water body were significantly different in spatial distribution. The HCHs distribution proved the uses of industrial HCHs and Lindane in this region; DDTs was mainly industrial residue with new input; the main source of PCBs was possible from the sewage of chemical enterprises along the coast. PAHs were mostly from oil; it was caused by intensive oil terminals and frequent transportation. According to the environment quality criteria, the concentration of PCBs in surface water was beyond the risk limit value, which may harm the ecological environment. Therefore the corresponding pollution control and emission reduction measures should be taken.