1990~2015年间贵州省植被生态环境质量变化特征

通过长时间序列较空间高分辨率植被生态环境质量变化分析,厘清贵州省1990~2015年植被生态环境质量宏观动态变化特征,为区域植被恢复和生态环境建设提供决策依据。以Landsat TM、ETM+、OLI和ASTER GDEM为数据源,提取植被盖度、土壤指数、湿度指数和坡度指标,应用综合指数评价模型得到贵州省3期植被生态环境质量专题图,划分植被生态环境质量等级和优劣度。结果表明:25年间,全省植被生态环境质量以"优""良"为主,"中"减少20.18%,"优"增加16.27%,植被生态环境质量总体好转;全省植被生态环境质量呈东南部优于中西部的空间格局;1990、2000和2015各州市的植被生态环境质量"优""良"加总最高值和最低值之差分别为37.1%、21.13%和12.21%,植被生态环境质量空间差异逐期减小。至2015年,六盘水市、毕节市、遵义市和黔西南州植被生态环境质量改善明显,安顺市、六盘水市、贵阳市和黔西南州处于全省相对较差水平。未来应加强黔西南和黔中地区植被生态环境治理,尤其要注重对安顺市、六盘水市、贵阳市和黔西南州的治理。

Analysis of Vegetation Eco-Environment Quality Change Features in Guizhou Province from 1990 to 2015

Macroscopic vegetation eco-environment quality dynamic change features of Guizhou Province from 1990-2015were studied by using long time and high spatial resolution RS images, in order to provide a decision basis for regional vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction. Landsat TM, ETM, OLI and ASTER GDEM data sets were used for extracting vegetation coverage, soil index, humidity index and slope indexes. Comprehensive index evaluation model was employed to obtain vegetation eco-environment quality thematic map for three periods. The vegetation eco-environment quality was divided into ten ranks for distinguishing quality. Results show that the provincial vegetation eco-environment quality is given priority of "excellent" and "good".The "medium" reduced by 20.18%, while "excellent" increased by 16.37% which means that vegetation eco-environment quality is getting better. Vegetation eco-environment quality in the southeast is better than the northwest of Guizhou Province. The maximum value of "excellent" and "good" aggregation in state minus the lowest value are 37.1%, 21.13% and 12.21% in 1990, 2000 and 2015, respectively, indicating that the spatial difference of vegetation eco-environment quality is shrinking in Guizhou Province. By 2015, vegetation eco-environment quality of Liupanshui City, Bijie City, Zunyi City and Qianxinan City had been improved obviously, while Anshun City, Liupanshui City, Guiyang city and Qianxinan City had been still poor. The vegetation eco-environment quality in southwest and middle region of Guizhou Province should be strengthened in the future, especially Anshun City, Liupanshui City, Guiyang City and Qianxinan City.