平顶山地区景观格局动态特征及驱动力分析

以平顶山地区为研究对象,利用平顶山地区1992年Landsat-TM影像和2006年中巴资源卫星遥感影像,运用景观生态学原理,借助遥感和GIS技术,选取景观多样性、景观优势度、景观均匀度、景观破碎度等指标指数进行分析,揭示平顶山地区近14 a来城市景观格局演变及其驱动力。研究结果表明:交通用地、工矿及居民点和耕地用地显著增加,林地、水域显著减少;除工矿及居民点外,该地区各类型斑块数量均有增加,其中林地增加最为显著;交通用地、工矿及居民点的破碎度降低,水域、林地、耕地的景观类型破碎度增高;耕地的分维数、形状指数呈下降趋势,而林地的分维数和形状指数呈上升趋势;平顶山地区景观多样性和均匀度都呈下降趋势,而优势度和破碎度增加;景观格局变化受人为因素影响较大,人口增加、经济发展、城镇化和工业发展是平顶山地区景观格局演变的主要驱动力。

Evolvement of Landscape Pattern and Driving Forces in Pingdingshan City

The evolvement and driving forces of urban landscape pattern in Pingdingshan City in the past fourteen years were explored based on the theory of landscape ecology and the technology of remote sensing and GIS, using the multi-source interpreted data of topographic maps, Landsat TM images in 1992 and CBERS-1 image in 2006. The indices chosen are Landscape diversity, landscape dominance, evenness of the landscape, landscape fragmentation. Taking GIS as a platform to integrate and analyze data, the driving forces are summarized together with the development of Pingdingshan City. The results show that The area of transportation, arable, mining and settlements land increased, while grassland and waters decreased; Except mining and settlements, number of various types of plaque in the region has increased and forest is the most significant; landscape fragmentation of transportation, mining and settlements land decreased, while arable, grassland and waters increased; Fractal dimension and shape index of arable showed a downward trend, while forest land had opposite trend; The urban landscape diversity, landscape fractal dimension and evenness index were all increased; The reason of urban landscape pattern change is mainly by human activity, the growth of population and economy together with industrialization and urbanization were main forces for urban landscape pattern evolvement in Pingdingshan City.