Spatial and temporal dynamics at manakin leks: reconciling lek traditionality with male turnover |
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Authors: | Renata Durães Bette A Loiselle John G Blake |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology and Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center, University of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA;(2) Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, University of California-Los Angeles, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496, USA |
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Abstract: | Leks, display grounds where males congregate and females visit to copulate, are typically traditional in location, despite
often high turnover of individual males. How leks can persist in face of male turnover is not well understood, in part due
to a lack of detailed field data allowing for a clear understanding of lek dynamics. We followed the fate of individual males
at 11 to 15 leks of the blue-crowned manakin Lepidothrix coronata across four breeding seasons to gain insights on how leks are formed and changed in space and time. Between years, leks were
traditional in location despite changes in territory ownership due to male disappearance and recruitment. New males were equally
likely to recruit by taking over existing territories or by establishing new territories. Recruitment was influenced by age,
as recruits were more likely to be adults than subadults. Lek size did not affect the probabilities of a male recruiting or
persisting at a territory, and vocalization rate, a correlate of mating success in this population, did not affect male persistence.
We used our field data to model changes in lek size and composition over longer periods of time (100 years) to understand
how lek traditionality can be reconciled with high male turnover. Our simulations showed that leks in our population rapidly
stabilize in size despite changes in territory ownership and that rates of male recruitment and disappearance compensate each
other, such that leks have the potential to persist for several decades after the original males have disappeared from them. |
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Keywords: | Ecuador Lek dynamics Lepidothrix coronata Male turnover Pipridae Population dynamics Territoriality |
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