1979~2016年中国城市生活垃圾产生和处理时空特征

改革开放以来，随着我国社会经济发展、居民生活水平提高，城市生活垃圾与日俱增，其妥善处理是我国各级政府面临的重要环境管理问题之一.本文通过系统收集和整理1979~2016年我国城市生活垃圾产生和处理的政府统计及相关中英文文献数据，分析了我国城市生活垃圾产生和处理的时空演变特征，建立了全国与各地区城市生活垃圾物理组分数据清单.研究结果表明：1979~2016年我国城市生活垃圾产生量显著增长至2016年的2.04亿t，以厨余类为主要成分.全国城市生活垃圾无害化处理率达到96.6%，无害化处理方式逐渐转向为焚烧为主、填埋补充的技术格局.我国各地区城市生活垃圾产生量、产生量增速、物理组分、无害化处理率和处理能力等存在时空差异，各地区应因地制宜，结合国家专项规划，提高生活垃圾减量化和资源化水平，弥补无害化处理缺口.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of municipal solid waste generation and treatment in China from 1979 to 2016

With the social and economic development since China's economic reform back in late 1970s, the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China's urban areas is remarkably increasing along with the rising of living standards of Chinese residents. The proper management of MSW is one of the most important environmental issues faced by all levels of Chinese government. This study collected data of waste generation and treatment between 1979 and 2016 from government statistics and literature, analysed the evolution of temporal and spatial characteristics of MSW discharge and treatment in urban China, and established a national and regional MSW composition inventory. The results showed:(1) the MSW generation in urban China increased significantly to 204 million metric tons in 2016, and the main component was food waste. The national safe treatment rate for urban MSW had reached 96.6% with a transition to use combustion as primary treatment method instead of landfilling. (2) Temporal and spatial differences existed among different regions of China in urban MSW generations, growth rates of generation, MSW composition, safe treatment rates and capacity. Given varied local conditions, governments at different regions need to make effort to raise the levels of MSW reduction and utilization and make up for the safe treatment gap by following the national waste management plan.