水生生物水质基准研究中轮虫、水螅、涡虫类受试生物的筛选

轮虫、水螅、涡虫是水生生态系统的重要生物类群。因其对水体污染较敏感,所以对水生生物基准研究有重要意义。依据我国生物区系资料及毒性数据丰度,筛选出8种代表性本土轮虫、水螅、涡虫类生物。参照美国水生生物基准技术指南,搜集、筛选了这8种代表性生物的急性毒性数据,通过数据分析,筛选出对各物种毒性最大的污染物,主要包括重金属、农药、有机锡化物、表面活性剂、吡啶胺类杀菌剂。分析污染物的物种敏感度分布,依据累积概率对代表性生物的物种敏感性进行分类,结果为:萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)、普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属铜的累积概率为6.5%、8.5%和10.4%,普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属汞的累积概率为6.3%;龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和四齿腔轮虫(Lecane quadridentata)对五氯酚钠的累积概率为5.1%和7.6%;褐水螅(Hydra oligactis)和绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)对三丁基氧化锡的累积概率为6.9%和13.8%,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)对氟啶胺的累积概率为6.7%,日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)对四氯化碳、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的累积概率分别为6.7%和7.1%。上述结果表明:萼花臂尾轮虫、绿水螅对重金属铜敏感;普通水螅对重金属铜和汞敏感;龟甲轮虫和四齿腔轮虫对农药敏感;褐水螅和绿水螅对有机锡化物敏感;萼花臂尾轮虫对吡啶胺类杀菌剂敏感;日本三角涡虫对四氯化碳、表面活性剂敏感。这7种代表性生物可作为相关污染物的水生生物基准受试物种。

Screening of Native Rotifers, Hydra, Planaria for Deriving Aquatic Life Criteria

Rotifers, hydra, planaria are important biological community in aquatic ecosystem. They play important role on the study of aquatic life criteria due to their high sensitivity to pollutants. On the basis of biota data in China, eight representative native rotifers, hydra, and planaria were selected. The pollutant acute toxicity data of these species were collected and screened according to the water quality criteria derivation guidelines of the US-EPA. The results of data analysis showed that there were thirteen categories of pollutants which were most toxic to these species, including heavy metals, pesticides, organic tin compounds, surfactants, and pyridylamino fungicides. The species sensitivities were classified by the cumulative probability from the sensitivity distribution curves of the most toxic pollutants. The analysis of the species sensitivity distribution showed that the cumulative probability of Brachionus calyciflorus, Hydra viridissima and Hydra vulgaris to copper were 6.5%, 8.5% and 10.4%, respectively. Hydra vulgaris to mercury was 6.3%. Keratella cochlearis and Lecane quadridentata to sodium pentachlorophenolate were 5.1% and 7.6%. Hydra oligactis and Hydra viridissima to bis(tributyltin) oxide were 6.9% and 13.8%, respectively. Brachionus calyciflorus to fluazinam was 6.7%. Dugesia japonica to carbon tetrachloride and sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate were 6.7% and 7.1%. These results showed that Brachionus calyciflorus, Hydra viridissima were sensitive to copper, and Hydra vulgaris was sensitive to copper and mercury. Lecane quadridentata and Keratella cochleari were sensitive to pesticide. Hydra oligactis and Hydra viridissima were sensitive to organic tin compounds. Brachionu scalyciflorus were sensitive to pyridine amides fungicides. Dugesia japonica was sensitive to carbon tetrachloride and surfactant. These seven species may act as the test organisms for development of water quality criteria.