武汉城市圈城市化发展与环境空气质量关系探讨

城市化与环境空气的相互作用关系研究,是引导城市可持续发展和环境政策制定的重要依据。利用主成分分析法和集成的环境空气质量指数分别评价了城市化和环境空气质量水平,进而拟合了两者的最优高次多项式曲线。结果发现:12001年来,武汉城市圈的城市化综合水平表现出以武汉为核心,黄石和鄂州为次核心,咸宁、孝感等为边缘的层级结构;2城市圈空气污染的重心主要在武汉市和鄂东南的黄冈、鄂州、黄石等地区,PM10是首要污染物;3不同城市由于其自然地理背景、城市发展类型、经济产业结构的不同,环境空气效应(关系)存在差异,在武汉城市圈内主要表现为三类:武汉市的复合型空气污染,黄石、鄂州等煤烟型为主的空气污染,以及咸宁、天门等煤烟和机动车尾气混合型的转变空气污染。未来,城市圈在生态环保一体化的进程中,需加强空气污染的联合防治,也需结合城市的自身特点采取有针对性的污染治理措施。

INVESTIGATION THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN URBAN AGGLOMERATION

Study on the interaction between urbanization and ambient air quality is an essential basis to guide urban sustainable development and formulate environmental policies. Firstly we evaluated the urbanization and ambient air quality of Wuhan Urban Agglomeration by combining Principal Component Analysis and integrated AQI. And then we explored relationship between urbanization and ambient air quality through curve fitting analysis make. The results revealed that: (1) The integrated level of urbanization in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration entered the stage of rapid development, with a hierarchical structure taking Wuhan as the core, Huangshi and Ezhou as the sub-core, and Xianning and Xiaogan as the margin. (2) The centers of the air pollution mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Huanggang, Ezhou and Huangshi, with PM₁₀ as the principle pollutant. (3) The air-urbanization curve was wavy, complex and changeable. Different cities have various effects of ambient air due to the differences in their natural geographical backgrounds, urban development type and economic industrial structure. There are mainly three types in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration: compound air pollution in Wuhan, soot-dominated air pollution in Huangshi and Ezhou, transformational air pollution mixed by soot and motor vehicle exhaust in Xianning and Tianmen. In the future, we need to strengthen the joint prevention on air pollution during the process of integrity. And we also need to take targeted measure to abate pollution according to the characteristics of the city.