报废弹药销毁处理职业危害因素分析与控制

报废弹药销毁处理不仅是一项非常危险的工作,而且作业过程中存在的职业危害对作业人员的健康也构成了巨大的威胁。为了预防、控制和消除职业危害,防治职业病,保护弹药销毁作业人员的健康,通过系统介绍分析报废弹药销毁处理的工艺方法,结合弹药的结构特点,全面辨识了作业过程中可能产生的职业危害因素,并提出了相应的控制措施。分析结果表明报废弹药销毁处理职业危害严重的工艺环节主要包括倒空作业和烧毁作业,其主要危害因素包括炸药的蒸气、粉尘、重金属烟尘（如铅、汞等）和CO、NOx、SO2等有毒有害气体。要预防、控制和消除报废弹药销毁处理职业危害,不仅要加强危害严重岗位的技术治理,还要采取全面系统的管理措施,如建立健全职业危害防治的各项规章制度、加强职业危害防治的宣传教育等。

Analysis and control of occupational hazard factors in disposal of abandoned ammunition

Disposal of abandoned ammunition is a regular work with great danger.There are a lot of occupational hazards threatening workers＇ health in the disposal process.In this paper,the disposal technologies,methods,and makeup characteristics of abandoned ammunition were introduced and discussed systematically.Based on that,underlying occupational hazard factors in the disposal process were identified and analyzed.In addition the preventive and control countermeasures aiming at the underlying occupational hazards were put forward.The analysis results showed that emptying charge projectile and burning disposal produced the most serious occupational hazards,and the main hazard factors included steam and dust of explosives,heavy metals dust,harmful gasses and so on.In order to prevent and control occupational hazards in the disposal process,technologies and systematical management measures were the same important.The above work could provide important reference for persons engaged in this subject.