冠状病毒IBV和噬菌体MS2在饱和多孔介质中的运移规律

为研究病毒在土壤中的运移机理,选择鸡的传染性支气管炎冠状病毒(IBV)和噬菌体(MS2)为材料,采用土柱模拟实验研究2种病毒在不同输入方式(IBV脉冲,MS2阶跃)、不同饱和多孔介质中的运移规律.结果表明,IBV在饱和玻璃珠中的运移有少量滞留和延迟;MS2在饱和砂土中的运移随着离子强度的不同而不同,存在两个临界点,分别为0.065mol/L和0.080mol/L.在离子强度从0.002mol/L升高到0.065mol/L时,病毒吸附随着离子强度的增加而迅速增加;离子强度在0.065～0.080mol/L时,病毒吸附随着离子强度的增加而迅速降低;当离子强度超过临界点0.08mol/L后,随着离子强度的增加病毒吸附缓慢增加.在相同pH值和离子强度的不同介质中,IBV比MS2吸附和滞留较多.

Transport of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and bacteriophage (MS2) in saturated porous media

Retention and transport of microbial pathogens such as viruses in the subsurface environment is an important public health concern. The objectives of this study include: 1) evaluate the transport potential of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is a good surrogate for the virus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and 2) examine the effect of solution ionic strength on the retention and transport of bacteriophage MS2, which is a commonly used model for human enteric viruses. Column experiments using either glass beads (IBV) or sand (MS2) were conducted under steady-state and saturated water flow conditions, and for MS2, at a wide range of ionic strength from 0.002 to 0.163mol/L. IBV was retained via first-order removal with a rate coefficient of 0.18h-1 when transported through the glass beads under the conditions examined in this study. Transport of MS2 was shown to strongly depend on ionic strength. The first-order removal rate coefficient was found to increase with increasing ionic strength from 0.002 to 0.065mol/L (first critical value), decrease when ionic strength was further increased to 0.08 mol/L (second critical value), and then increased slowly again when the ionic strength exceeded 0.080mol/L. The reasons for the existence for such critical ionic strength values are not clear at the present. IBV reacted more strongly with porous media and was retained more than MS2 under the same ionic strength and pH, indicating that MS2 may also be used as a conservative model for IBV and perhaps also the SARS virus.